Ainu | English | Examples/Remarks |
A |
an | to be, to stay | . |
ape | fire | ape huchi(old ladyjkamuyigodj |
ar | a half | . |
ar | utterly, wholly | Must be difficult to differentiate from "ar" that means "a half." |
are | to sit; to set | . |
as | to stand | . |
B |
bet | river | Same as "pet". No differentiation between "b" and "p". |
C |
chikap | a bird | . |
chip | a ship | Bird & Ship are popular motif in ancient Japanese. | |
chir | a bird | Ditto. |
chis | a rock; to cry | . |
chichikew | a monster | Whether big or small. |
E |
ekasi | old man (respected), chief | . |
H |
hanku | a navel | . |
has | bush | . |
huchi | old lady (respected) | ape huchi kamuy |
hukui | to burn | Karafuto (Sakhalin) dialect |
hur | hill, mountain, slope | . |
hur-kap | corp (dead body) | . |
hure | red (color) | . |
I |
i | the | Finite article. And many other uses. |
-i | making a transitive verb | . |
-i | time,place,thing,person,event | . |
ika | exceed,cross,go over | . |
iwor | hunting ground | . |
K |
ka | on, above | . |
kar | to make, to make a fire | . |
kay | to break; hard wave | . |
kaya | sail | NOT as a verb, but as a noun. |
kay-kuma | bush,woods to burn, a rabit | . |
kay-kuma-terke | white wave, triangular wave | . |
ki | miscanthus (name of plant similar to reed) | . |
kir | knee (bone) | . |
kir | a mountain | Bihoro dialect |
kir | to be acquainted with, to remember | . |
kirkiru | to see | . |
kisar | an ear | . |
kisar | reed field | . |
kitay | peak, top (of a hill) | . |
kimuy | mountain, hill | spelling correction 98/6/30. |
kiyay | (sun)light, ray | . |
ko | toward | . |
kotan | village,country | . |
kur | person, shadow | nis-kur sky's shadow=cloud |
M |
meru | a light; to light | . |
mike | a light; to light | . |
mo | small, quiet | mo-sir small island, country |
more | to stay calmly | . |
N |
nay | a river | . |
ni | a tree | . |
nis | sky, heaven, cloud | . |
nis-kur | sky's shadow | =cloud |
nispa | chief, the rich | of a house or a village |
nit | a skew | as in Yakitori, Shushu-khabab |
nonno | a flower, a goddy, a mother | Japanese dialect & kid's word for gods. |
noto | calm | of a sea |
nu | to liesten to, to hear | . |
nu | a big result | of fishing |
nu | to see | word root |
nukar | to see | . |
nup | a field | . |
nupuki | muddy water | muddy/spritual/sulferic |
nupu-ke | a field; oil, fat |
|
nupur | colored; having misterious power | Nobori-betsu ƒ nupur pet |
nupuri | a mountain | Note difference from nupur. |
O |
ota | a shore | of a sea or a river |
P |
pana | down river | =pan,panke |
pena | up river | =pen,penke |
pet | a river | =bet |
pet-char | a river mouth | . |
pet-put | a river mouth | . |
petcha | a river edge, a river shore | . |
pinne | male | Pinne sir exist in Samani. |
pin-ne | manly, manlike | mat-ne=womanly,womanlike |
pira | an edge, a steep hill | . |
pis | a shore, a sandy island | Osumi Fudoki records the same word. |
pon | small | vs. poro=large |
poro | large | . |
R |
ran | to go down | . |
ranke | to let go down | ranke kanto=downward heaven |
ranko | Cercidipyullum japonicum | name of a tree, Katsura in Japanese |
rikun | high, above | rik+un=above+belonging to |
ritne | hard | opposite of "soft" |
rok | to sit (pl.) | For plural subject.Singular is "a". |
S |
san | a slope, a cape, a shelf, a flat hill | . |
san | to push out | Often about water. San-nai. |
sar | a field of reed (plant) | Important word for me. |
sar | a tail | . |
si | true,real,good,big | . |
sikar | to rotate, to turn | I-sikar-i river? |
sinrit | root | Plant and ancestor. |
sir | a mountain | Many other meanings. |
so | bottom | . |
so | a water fall | . |
suma | a stone, a rock | . |
T |
ta | to cut, dig; to draw (water) | . |
tama | a (jade) ball | Borrowed to/from Japanese? |
to | a day, a lake, a sea | . |
tomari | a port | Borrowed to/from Japanese? |
tom | to shine, to light, to be bright | . |
tom-i | item that shines | . |
totto | mother, breast | . |
toy | soil, field | . |
tu | two (2) | . |
tu | a hill; old | To-kotan |
tuk | a small hill | . |
tum | in, within | . |
tuma | cotton | no special textile |
tumam | a body,a fence | . |
tumunci | an evil spirit, a devil | . |
turi | a rod | as to roar a boat or to fish |
U |
uhuy | to burn | . |
uk | to receive | For plural subject, uyna. |
uko-nupur | intercourse | . |
ukao-nupuri | mountain after mountain | . |
un | to belong, reside, be, let enter | . |
una | ash | . |
ur | a hill | Tokachi dialect. Same as hur. |
urar | mist, vapor | . |
ure | a leg | . |
urir | a bird that is known to | catch fish for men. |
us | to grow, have; to put on (shoes) | . |
us | to go out (fire), to vanish | . |
usi | place | =us+i place where something grows much; place where something done often [Chiri]. |
usi | to apply, attach | . |
Y |
yan | land | as opposite to beyond |
yasa | to break | . |
W |
wakka | water | Wakka-nai. |